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Driveability

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Liquid Biofuels for Otto Cycle

So called flexible fuel vehicles or specially ethanol enabled vehicles should be used for Ethanol usage > 25%. In the case of specially adapted vehicles no significant changes in driveability may be expected.

Without modification there is a degradation of engine performance with ethanol fuel blends. Engine misfire frequency increases and engine stalls occur.

Other difficulties (cold start, corrosion... ) will occur when fuelling conventional vehicle with ethanol (or Ethanol blends), so the usage of flexible fuel vehicles is recommended. source
ETBE is an additive containing 47% Ethanol and may be used in conventional petrol/gasoline engines.

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Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (incl. Fuel Cell)

Caused by the high torque of electric motors the vehicles are easy to drive in urban environments and offroad. Pure electric vehicles my suffer from a restricted endurance. Operated at low temperatures the capacity of the unheated batteries is much lower (depending on the battery type).

Due to the "phlegmatised" internal combustion engine (for efficiency reasons), the power follows later than expected if driven like usual.
Test Toyota Prius in German

2005 CRC Hybrid Driveability Workshop download

The driving characteristics of electric vehicles is very good. Good acceleration and sufficient power is avaiable. For the passenger of a trolley bus a tram like feeling is given because of the absence f most of the noise and vibrations of a internal combustion engine.

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Gaseous Fuels for Otto cycle

Because of an octane rating of 130 CNG has a slight efficiency advantage over gasoline.
Because CNG is already in a gaseous state, NGVs have superior starting and driveability, even under severe hot and cold weather conditions.
NGVs experience less knocking and no vapor locking more....

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Liquid biofuels for Diesel Cycle

5% blends don't behave different to pure diesel.

With 5% blends of UFOME (used frying oil methyl ester) no significant complaints about the operability of the vehicles are expected and no excessive wear or deposit build will occur download report.
more...

Pure Biodiesel may solidify at low temperatures (below 10 °F -12 °C), has lower stability, low cetane and high viscosity, causing oxidation, deposits and fouling download study. Therefore in colder climates additives or blending with winter diesel is usual to avoid problems.

With synthetic biofuels (Bio-GTL) we have a better performance regarding soot and easier exhaust aftertreatment.

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